The multiculturalism into which American Literature has developed

The multiculturalism into which American Literature has created In the event that somebody needed to ask about the multicultural issue that we face today, at that point likely dominant part of the appropriate responses would in any case lie on the racial contrasts similarly as in the early settings. The appropriate responses would concentrate on issue of American outsiders who were by chance local through their family connection of different American generations.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The multiculturalism into which American Literature has grown explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The multicultural writing once commanded by white content has incredibly changed and numerous scholars floods a similar writing that has over the time blamed different races in wording for numbness, savagery, wrongdoing, improper, severe, and wild non domesticated interests among different types of un-progress. Right now, the schedule on American writing needs to meet the decent variety improvements as ordered in the c ollege necessities. Modifications on vocation diagram demonstrate that there is a wide distinction between what understudies find out about the contemporary world, and the verifiable viewpoints with respect to multicultural settings. Understudies are today ready to grasp all the current writing about culture since all the materials are new and are strikingly liberated from the verifiable preferences. The world concentrated today is very unique in relation to what existed previously. There is absence of the exclusivities in encouraging techniques and writing learning in current American writing. There is a staggering change over the bound idea of past-organized type of study where the instructors in the topic coordinated or were in charge of the subjects of conversations. The improvement is clear in current conversations, for example it is conceivable to discover legitimate conversations with respect to African-American examinations, Lesbianism contemplates or even different types of music development studies, for example, investigation of Jazz music advancement. Understudies have beaten the cultural imbalances realized by the common right time, which at times become increasingly guileful particularly during the last quarter of the twentieth century. Understudies are as of now ready to have open conversations of multicultural issues and in this manner the educators lead the procedures non-obstinately by permitting diverse purpose of perspectives. There is advancement on language and tasteful too particularly on issues identifying with intensity of deciphering local dialects. The current investigation of American writing gives fervor, fulfillment, shock, analysis and uncertainty among perusers, which keep up the enthusiasm and nervousness over expansion of culture. Larger part of as of late composed writing about multiculturalism voices the casualties by giving them chance to share experiences.Advertising Looking for article on american writing? How about we che ck whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is away from of how different societies in America enhances the general public through sharing of social contrasts and expressions. The common association and digestion extends the multicultural viewpoints through learning and valuation for ethnic legacy. Current multicultural writing has a nearby depiction addressing osmosis of American societies. The vast majority of the current writing composes have clarification showing their pride of having a place with a multicultural network while as yet having the option to hold the exceptional legacy of their source not at all like partial recorded compositions. Today’s writing demonstrates that there is obvious push from Americans who supporter to take an interest in multicultural practices and encounters for example through energy about outside craftsmanship, music or food. Writing scholars inundate the American writing into the energetic societies by delineating the positive contrasts and advantages they speak to. The recent decades have seen socially related wars over the methods of showing American writing. Warmed discussions over multiculturalism have spread past the school books to news materials, for example, magazines, consequently alluring blended responses. A few people feel that American writing is falling flat, while others see the circumstance is a change of instructing techniques. Old style and conventional writing that scholars overlooked or disregarded is finding a change through modernized type of translation. There are seeks after the twenty-first century for the explanation that more difficulties will enhance the surrendered American writing and legacy with progressively positive or assorted investigation of the conventions.

Using financial ratios to analyse companies Essay

Utilizing monetary proportions to investigate organizations - Essay Example The gross net revenue of Tesco has declined by nearly 4% as appeared in Table 2: Gross overall revenue. The proportion shows that the expenses of products of the organization have expanded and it is troublesome for the organization if a similar pattern is followed in light of the fact that it will additionally decrease the benefits of the organization. Subsequently the administration needs to ensure that gross benefit proportion is expanded. The net overall revenue of Tesco in the year 2012 is 4.36% anyway it was already 4.42% hence it is indicating a decrease of 1.31%. Net revenue of the organization can be found in Table 3: Net overall revenue. Decrease in the net benefit is negative for the Tesco as it is demonstrating that the expenses and costs of the organization have expanded from a year ago. By further investigating the fiscal reports, it tends to be discovered that the all out income just as net benefit of Tesco has expanded as distinguished in Table 1: Key Elements from Financial Statement, however via cautiously breaking down the net revenue proportion it very well may be seen that the expenses and costs have expanded at a higher rate than a year ago which has decreased the overall revenue proportion. ROE of Tesco has decay by 1.6% as determined in Table 4: ROE and it is troublesome for Tesco as the benefits of Tesco has been declining and in this manner it has likewise impacted the ROE of the organization also. The value just as benefits have expanded as shown in Table 1: Key Elements from Financial Statement however the pace of increment in benefits is not exactly the expansion in value in this way it has brought about declining the ROE. ROA of Tesco has demonstrated a decrease by 2% as uncovered in Table 5: ROA and this is negative for the organization as the benefits have not expanded at a similar rate in contrast with the expansion in resources as distinguished in Table 1: Key Elements from Financial Statement. Hence it has brought about declining of the ROA proportion of the organization. Table 6: Operating Profit Margin uncovers that Operating benefit of Tesco has declined by

Comparing Societies Weakness from the Perspective of Two Authors :: Compare Contrast Comparison

Contrasting Societies Weakness from the Perspective of Two Authors Ditty Travis and Ellen Goodman are the two journalists from various foundations with various encounters, yet they share a typical conclusion. The two essayists discover a shortcoming with in our general public. In the article In Groups We Shrink From Loner’s Heroics Travis communicates his perspectives on social orders shortcoming. He accepts our shortcoming lies in the absence of crisis reaction in gatherings. In the article Countering the Culture of Sex Goodman feels the shortcoming is absence of sexual training given to young people. In spite of the fact that the two of them have various sentiments, they speak to a solid case for the two sides. In Carol Tavris’ article, In Groups We Shrink From Loner’s Heroics, there is data about a social concern. Tavris feels that society doesn't react to crises the equivalent in bunches as they do independently. â€Å"Something happens to people when they gather in a gathering. They think and act uniquely in contrast to they would all alone. The vast majority, on the off chance that they watch some calamity or threat all alone †a lady being wounded, a person on foot pummeled by an it-and-run driver †will in any event call for help; many will even hazard their own security to intercede. Be that as it may, on the off chance that they are in a gathering watching a similar risk, they hold back.† (Tavris, 17) Even however individuals were gotten through, indistinguishable test the ones who were in the gathering environment didn't react as much as the individuals who where alone. â€Å"In one examination in social brain research, understudies were situated in a room, either alone, or in-gatherings of three, as arranged a crisis happened: Smoke started pouring through the vents. Understudies who were on there own normally delayed a moment, got up, looked at the vents and afterward went to report what positively appeared to be a fire. Be that as it may, the understudies who were sitting in gatherings of three didn't move. They stayed there for six minutes, with smoke so thick they could scarcely observe, scouring their eyes and coughing.† (Tavris, 18) Travis utilizes popular model, for example, Rodney King, who was beaten by 4 cops while before 11 different officials, and Kitty Genovese, who was repediatly wounded to death before her 38 neighbors. Tavris accepts that individuals ought to be increasingly responsive in bunches then they as of now are. Ellen Goodman’s article, Countering the Culture of Sex, is an article that portrays an alternate point of view of cultural blemish.

How To Stay Organized During College Application Season

Calling the college application season stressful would definitely be an understatement. One way to keep yourself sane is organization. If you know exactly what essays to write and when to write them, it will make your life a lot easier. Make a list Make a list of all the essays you have to write and the topic of each one. A visual organization will make it easier to see if you can reuse essays with similar topics. Plus, there’s something comforting about having everything in front of you so you know you’re not forgetting anything. Set deadlines Set deadlines weeks before the real due dates. That way, you’ll make sure you stay on track and won’t be stuck working on an essay the night before it’s due. Schedule work periods Schedule specific times for working on college applications when you know you won’t have a lot of homework. Although it seems hard to balance all the extra work, it’s very possible if you schedule correctly. Dont panic The best way to stay organized and keep your life together is to remain calm. Don’t worry too much about the future. Just focus on the actual content of your applications and try to make them the best you possibly can.

Reflection on Psychology - 822 Words

Jonathon is attending his first tutorial class on the first day of his school in Ngee Ann Polytechnic with his best friend, Gerald, who has also enrolled into the Banking and Finance Services (BFS). When they first entered the classroom, students on the left side of the classroom are sitting quietly waiting for the lesson to start while students on the right are talking loudly, trying to mingle around with each other. Immediately, Gerald walks to the left side to find a seat and whisper to Jonathon, telling him that students on the right will most probably be very playful and are those who do not do their works. Having heard what Gerald has said, Jonathon decided to follow Gerald so that it will be easier to do project if he is in the same†¦show more content†¦| Their tutor is in her late 50s who has big eyes and is always frowning. When she enters the class, she is showing a black face and is not wearing a smile on her face. She is not giving any eye contact and did not respond to the students when they greeted her. Gerald and Jonathon feel that their tutor is rude and has a bad attitude. Both of them feel that they will definitely suffer for this particular module because they think that their tutor is fierce and unfriendly, and therefore, will not be helpful if they encounter any problems or questions when they do their tutorials and project. However, as the lesson goes by, they think otherwise of the tutor. She explains clearly and promptly to students’ questions and is very patient and willing to repeat herself until everyone understands the problems. During the lunch break, Gerald and Jonathon are discussing the reasons behind their tutor’s behaviour at the beginning of the class. They concluded that the tutor may be having a difficult time with another BFS class earlier on. This resulted her in thinking that their batch of BFS students are difficult to handle, and hence, showing a black face when she entered the class. Another reason may be she is not feeling well or she is feeling exhausted after a few consecutive hours of teaching. As such, she lost her focus and did not make any eye contact with the students and did not respond to their greetings when she entered the classroom.Show MoreRelatedReflection Paper On Psychology And Psychology950 Words   |  4 PagesReflection Paper #2 In this second unit of Psychology, it was fascinating to focus in on how we as humans learn behaviors, and what can cause us to each function differently in similar situations. Many scientists from the early 20th century have contributed to what we know today about the brain and how it responds to sensations, perceptions, hearing, and conditioning. 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Benefits Of A Family Strengths Assessment For Clinical Practice And Pr

Question: Discuss about the Benefits Of A Family Strengths Assessment For Clinical Practice And Promoting. Answer: The Australian Family StrengthsNursing Assessment (AFSNA) is designed to give nurses an ability to describe families basing on the most important qualities of affection, togetherness, positive communication, acceptance, sharing activities, commitment, support, spiritual well-being, and resilience. The tools help nurses to understand relationships and systems of individuals with the other members of a family. Families are complex and assessment of strengths of families enables the provision of health care services beyond the traditional holistic in culturally safe settings. Strengths in the functioning and working of the family and the patient as a whole person help in the provision of better support through health care decisions. It is based on the strongest characteristics to fortify a family rather than improving the weaknesses in the functioning of a family (Barbara, Brage, John, 2007). The multi-disciplinary teams and nurses will then be able to figure out the health position, understand what the situation means to the individual family and hence address their specific needs. Every family setting has its own understanding of treatment procedures and diseases in addition to the differences in strengths and weaknesses. This means that a generalized approach by the nurses will not be effective in the provision of healthcare services. There is a need for an approach for a collaborative relationship between the family, patient, MDT, and nurses. Working together with the stakeholders will develop an applicable solution to health problems through shared decision-making will create a patient-centered healthcare plan (Smith, Ford, 2013) Nurses will help families to outline their visions, goals, future hopes by the provision of counselling and support for improved health. The support measures are centered at the identification of strengths and provision of feedback, assisting in the development of the goals and offer information services about community resources and services. Strength-based care will examine the ability of a person in coping with challenges of health and life basing on what is best and what will function well for the family. The nurses are also enabled to structure a person-centered care plan to provide an efficient and effective outcome (Elisabeth, Grafton, Reid Andrea, 2017). Knowledge of the strengths of a patient will help the health professionals to deal with the parties involved in developing their inner-strength for coping with a problem and create apt solutions. The principles of empowerment, collaborative partnerships, healing, and health promotion and the person-centered care are the principles of the Family StrengthsNursing Assessment approach. The family will be empowered to deal with challenges hence building their confidence in the recovery process (Smith L. Ford K., 2013) In conclusion, the participation of the family in decision-making will respect their unique strengths as identified in their specific abilities, competencies, and skills. Culture and beliefs make the strengths of families to be specific to each one. The approach provides a basis for understanding the health experience of families and their needs linked the situations of weaknesses. Bibliography Barbara S., Brage H., John D.., 2007. Using the concept of family strengths to enhance nursing care. The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 32(6), pp. 353-357. Elisabeth C., Grafton E. , Reid A., Andrea M., 2017. Understanding family assessment in the Australian context; what are adult oncology nursing practices?. Collegian, 24(2), pp. 175-182. Smith L. Ford K., 2013. Communication with children, young people and familiesa family strengths-based approach. Child, Youth and Family Health: Strengthening Communities, 4(1), p. 91. Smith, L. Ford, K., 2013. Family strengths and the Australian Family Strengths Nursing Assessment Guide. Family Health, 23(9), pp. 98-105.

Macbeth Overview

'Macbeth' Overview Macbeth, one of Shakespeare’s most famous tragedies, tells the story of a Scottish nobleman and his own ambition to become king. The source material is Holinshed’s Chronicle, which compiled a history of England, Scotland and Ireland. First published in its Folio edition in 1623, it is the shortest of Shakespeare’s tragedies. Despite its brevity, it had a rich legacy. Fast Facts: Macbeth Title: MacbethAuthor: William ShakespearePublisher:  Edward Blount and William and Isaac JaggardYear Published: First Edition, Folio, 1623Genre: dramaType of Work: tragedyOriginal Language: EnglishThemes: Ambition, fate, free will, loyalty, appearance vs. realityCharacters: Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, The Three Witches, Duncan, Banquo, MacduffNotable Adaptations: Orson Welles’ Voodoo Macbeth (1936); Akira Kurosawa’s Throne of Blood (1957);  Roman Polanski’s The Tragedy of Macbeth (1971)Fun Fact: due to superstition, actors avoid addressing Macbeth by its name directly, and use the phrase â€Å"The Scottish Play† instead. Plot Summary Macbeth is a tragedy telling the story of the Scottish nobleman by the same name, consumed by his own ambition to become king and by the consequences of the acts he commits in order to achieve his goal. At the beginning of the play, after a victorious battle, Macbeth and fellow general Banquo meet three witches in a heath, and they deliver prophecies to both of them: Macbeth would become king of Scotland, and Banquo will father a line of kings while not becoming king himself. Encouraged by Lady Macbeth, his ruthless wife, Macbeth plans to kill King Duncan. After his murder, since his heir Malcolm and his brother Donalbain promptly flee to England and Ireland, respectively, Macbeth is crowned king. Consumed by guilt and paranoia, he becomes more and more of a tyrant as the play progresses. First he has Banquo killed, and his ghost visits him during a banquet. After consulting the witches again, who tell him to beware of Macduff and that he won’t be vanquished by anyone â€Å"of woman born,† he tries to have Macduff’s castle seized and everyone inside killed. However, since Macduff had gone to England to join forces with Malcolm, Macbeth only succeeds in having Macduff’s family killed. This prompts Macduff and Malcolm to raise an army aimed at dethroning Macbeth. Meanwhile, Lady Macbeth, who initially was more assertive than her husband, has become consumed by guilt to the point of insanity and eventually kills herself. The Scottish generals rally against Macbeth, and Macduff manages to vanquish him- he was not â€Å"of woman born† but â€Å"from his mothers womb untimely ripped.†Ã‚  The play ends with Malcolm being crowned king of Scotland. Major Characters Macbeth. Macbeth is initially presented as a Scottish nobleman and a valiant warrior. However, after listening to the prophecy delivered by the Three Witches in which he is told he would be king, he is overcome by blind ambition, and, strongly encouraged by his wife, he kills the king to usurp the throne.  His thirst for power is counterbalanced by paranoia, which leads to his downfall. Lady Macbeth. Macbeth’s wife, she thinks her husband’s nature is too full of kindness. She is the one who devises the plot for her husband to murder King Duncan, and is initially less fazed by the deed than her husband. However, she eventually unravels too, and commits suicide. The Three Witches. Whether they control fate or are merely its agents, the Three Witches set the tragedy in motion: they deliver Macbeth and his companion Banquo with a prophecy that the former shall be king, and the latter shall generate a line of kings. These prophecies have a great influence on Macbeth, who decides to usurp the throne of Scotland. Banquo. Banquo is another Scottish thane who was with Macbeth when the witches delivered their prophecy. He is told that he will father a line of kings while not becoming king himself. After the king’s murder, Macbeth feels threatened by Banquo and has him murdered by hired assassins. Yet, Banquo returns as a ghost at a banquet, visibly startling Macbeth, who is the only one who can see him.   Macduff. Macduff finds King Duncan’s body after he was murdered and immediately suspects Macbeth. Eventually, he murders Macbeth. King Duncan. The wise and firm king of Scotland at the beginning of the play, he is murdered by Macbeth so he can usurp the throne. He represents moral order in the play, which Macbeth destroys and Macduff restores. Main Themes Ambition. Macbeth’s ambition is devoid of any morality and is the cause of Macbeth’s downfall. After becoming king of Scotland, Macbeth’s ambition turns him into a tyrant, and he has his suspected enemies murdered. Ambition is a trait his wife Lady Macbeth shares, and she, too, succumbs to it.   Loyalty. At he beginning of the play, King Duncan rewards Macbeth with the title â€Å"Thane of Cawdor† because the original Thane of Cawdor was actually a traitor, but Macbeth betrays the king in order to usurp the throne. Macduff, who suspects Macbeth once he sees the king’s corpse, flees to England to join Duncan’s son Malcolm, and together they plan the downfall of Macbeth and restore the moral order.   Fate and free will. The witches do show Macbeth his future and his fate, but Macbeth’s actions are arbitrary and not pre-ordained.   Appearance and reality. â€Å"Fair is foul and foul is fair,† is one of the famous quotes in Macbeth, and appearance and reality intermingle in the play: the witches give out paradoxical prophecies and characters hide their true intentions. For example, Macbeth seems honorable but actually plans to murder King Duncan. Malcolm soon flees Scotland after his father’s murder, which seems suspicious at first, but it’s actually a way for him to protect himself. Literary Style The language used by Macbeth and Lady Macbeth evolves throughout the play.  At first, they’re both characterized by a fluent and energetic style, but, as their ambition gradually overtakes them, their speech becomes fragmented. For instance, while prose in Shakespeares plays is reserved to characters of low social orders, once Lady Macbeth is overcome by madness, she utters her lines in prose too. By contrast, the witches speak in enigmatic riddles interposed with grotesque elements.   About the Author William Shakespeare, who wrote ten tragedies and eighteen comedies, wrote King Lear (1605), Macbeth (1606), and The Tempest during King James’ reign. King James was patron of Shakespeare’s acting company, and Macbeth, by stating that King James descended from the Scottish thane Banquo, is a de facto tribute to Shakespeare’s sovereign.

Introduction Pollution Research Paper Example

Introduction Pollution Research Paper Example Introduction Pollution Paper Introduction Pollution Paper Essay Topic: Water pollution Pollution is the introduction oaf contaminant into a natural environment, usually by humans. While most people think of pollution as chemical waste dumped into rivers, or factories spewing toxins into the air, it can also include light pollution or sound pollution. These are example of pollutions such as air pollution, water pollution and land pollution. Firstly, the air pollution is the accumulation in the atmosphere of substances that, in sufficient concentrations, endanger human health or produce other measured effects on living matter and other materials. Among the major sources of pollution are power and heat generation, the burning of solid wastes, industrial processes, and, especially, transportation. The six major types Of pollutants are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, particulates, sulfur dioxide, and photochemical oxidants. These are examples of air pollution; * Tobacco Smoke Tobacco smoke is one of the major forms of pollution in buildings. It is not only the smoker who is infected, but everyone who inhales the polluted air. There is a very strong connection between smoking and lung cancer. Bronchitis is common among smokers and unborn babies of mothers who smoke also suffer from the harmful effects of smoking. * Exhaust Gases of Vehicles Pollution from exhaust gases of vehicles is responsible for 60% of all air pollution and in cities up to 80%. There is a large variety of harmful chemicals present in these gases, with lead being one Of the most dangerous. Combustion of Coal The combustion of coal without special precautions can have serious consequences. If winds do not blow away the poisonous gases, they can have fatal effects and may lead to death. Acid rain Acid rain is the term for pollution caused when sulfur and nitrogen dioxides combine with atmospheric moisture to produce highly acidic rain, snow, hail, or fog. The acid eats into the stone, brick and metal articles and pollutes water sources. Coal in South Africa is rich in sulfur and the power stations in the Mulligan Province could be responsible for acid rain over other areas of our country. Moreover, another example of pollution is water pollution. Water pollution is the introduction into fresh or ocean waters of chemical, physical, or illogical material that degrades the quality of the water and affects the organisms living in it. This process ranges from simple addition of dissolved or suspended solids to discharge of the most insidious and persistent toxic pollutants (such as pesticides, heavy metals, and no degradable, bio accumulative, chemical compounds). These are examples Of water pollution * Industrial affluent Water is discharged from after having been used in production processes. This waste water may contain acids, alkalis, salts, poisons, oils and in some cases harmful bacteria. K Mining and Agricultural Wastes Mines, especially gold and coal mines, are responsible for large quantities of acid water. Agricultural pesticides, fertilizers and herbicides may wash into rivers and stagnant water bodies. Sewage Disposal and Domestic Wastes Sewage as well as domestic and farm wastes were often allowed to pollute rivers and dams. Lastly is the land pollution. Land pollution is the degradation of the Earths land surface through misuse of the soil by poor agricultural practices, mineral exploitation, industrial waste dumping and indiscriminate disposal of urban wastes. It includes visible waste and litter as well as pollution of the soil itself. Examples of Land Pollution; * Soil Pollution Soil pollution is mainly due to chemicals in herbicides (weed killers) and pesticides (poisons which kill insects and other invertebrate pests). Litter is waste material dumped in public places such as streets, parks, picnic areas, at bus stops and near shops. * Waste Disposal The accumulation Of Waste threatens the health Of people in residential areas. Waste decays, encourages household pests and turns urban areas into unsightly, dirty and unhealthy places to live in.

Property Law and Practice - Report on Legal Liability Assignment

Property Law and Practice - Report on Legal Liability - Assignment Example Act, 1996 states that no landowner can carry out construction or repair work to his property, which might impact an adjacent property without adhering the procedures laid down in the Act. An owner who is willing to initiate construction work stipulated under the Act must serve a notice to adjacent owners about their plan in the mode as prescribed in the Act. If a minor repair work is carried on the party wall, there is no need to serve notice under the Act. The Act covers both residential and commercial properties. (Wood et al, p.205). It is to be noted that adjoining owners may accept or disown what is proposed. When the adjacent owners oppose, the Act offers a way for solving the issues. The procedure set at the Party Wall Act is distinct from getting planning approval or approval under building regulations. Under section 2 of the Act, the owner should serve a notice to the adjacent owner where the proposed construction work is to a subsisting party wall even where the work may not extend away from the centre line of a party wall. It is not necessary that a party wall shall inevitably to have a border line running through its centre line but can stand astride peculiarly over it. A owner should serve a notice on the adjoining owners of a party wall about the intended construction or excavation and where a disagreement arises as regards to a party wall under section 1, or when no written consent has been received within fourteen days from the date of service of notice under section 2, then, issue has to be resolved with the help of a surveyor through a dispute resolution mechanism. The primary aim is that by placing the matters out of the parties’ purview, and assigning them to the independent experts, the Act offers Owners with a magnitude of certainty and minimises the peril of work being prolonged by protracted discussions. The Act places more onus on surveyors as the surveyors are required to comprehend where Act is applicable, and what has to be adh ered so as to make sure that a property owner adheres with the Act as the non-adherence will have disastrous outcomes. In Roadrunner case, Court of Appeal held that non-compliance of the Act will not only attract damages for non-adherence but also the Court will not take a lenient view of the failure by a party to adhere with the Act. Thus, this case stresses that a property owner who fails to adhere with the provisions of the Act is accountable for damages suffered by another party in spite of nonexistence of concrete corroboration that repairs carried out by that party really responsible for that damages. (Hannaford & Stephens, 2004, p.xiv). The above Act provides some rights to building owners who intends to carry out some sorts of structural changes to a subsisting party wall in addition to the rights available under common law. In Holbeck Hall Hotel, the Court of Appeal viewed that there is a measured obligation of care or fairness between neighbours to assess the respective pr ivileges and commitments between neighbouring owners. If a building owner must be careful not even start repairing his own side of the party wall without informing the adjacent owners of the proposed repair or construction. (Hannaford & Stephens, 2004, p.xiii). It is to be noted that though the Act does not make it compulsory to serve a notice on the adjacent owners, but adjoining owners can prevent the construction work through a court injection or through other legal means. Further, it is to be noted t

Was President Eisenhower better prepared to make decisions about the Essay

Was President Eisenhower better prepared to make decisions about the developing intelligence community than most other presidents - Essay Example President Eisenhower was a good consumer. In relation to the intelligence data work; he could prefer to gather the information from the normal citizens rather than depending on the material gathered by daily reports, which he believed, had its errors in reporting. As a manger, he delivered outstanding views in regards to his management hence protecting national resources as well. During world cold war era, he was able to deliver and discuss the idea of producing a brief, all-source, daily current intelligence publication exclusively for the President During the world war two, Marine Corps developed and deployed Navajo Code Talker Program that was used to encode, transmit, and decode English messages that were delivered into complex languages. The machines were developed with encryption method that enabled successful transmission of communication within the corps. However, President Eisenhower used to read all his reports from separate reports originating from CIA, State, Defense, and joint chiefs rather than daily reports, which he believed that he was able to gather cognitive information at

Strategic Analysis for Nintendo Co. Ltd. Essay Example for Free

Strategic Analysis for Nintendo Co. Ltd. Essay Executive Summary Nintendo Co. Ltd. is a longstanding member of the home entertainment software industry that has embarked on a mission to offer the highest quality products and services while treating their customers with attention, consideration and respect. Nintendo’s strategy thus far has been to take advantage of their video game development capabilities; nearly 60% of games sold by Nintendo are self developed. The innovative capabilities derived from various gaming platforms have allowed Nintendo to capitalize off of a series of attachment control devices. The biggest strength that Nintendo has is a strong brand name along with high returns. A well established brand name gives Nintendo an edge over its competitors. Nintendo is the only company that has managed to capitalize on both hardware and software components. The biggest opportunity for Nintendo is to incorporate themselves into the online gaming market due to short product life cycles. Nintendo maintains their competitive advantage through superior game and character development, for which it often owns the legal rights. In a technical comparison of the Wii against its major competitors, it is substantially outperformed in speed processing, memory, storage, networking, video output and multimedia output. If Nintendo wishes to maintain a competitive advantage, the niche market must be penetrated while maintaining the integrity of the Nintendo brand image. Nintendo Black would become a subsidiary company of Nintendo Co. Ltd. that will operate with a mission to specialize in advanced technological specifications to consoles that will compete with Microsoft and Sony. If the proper measures are taken then Nintendo has the opportunity to continue to position itself as an alternative to the gaming experience while increasing the level of competition for its rival companies with its subsidiary company. Mission and Strategic Development Nintendo Co. Ltd. is a longstanding member of the home entertainment software industry that has embarked on a mission to offer the highest quality products and services while treating their customers with attention, consideration and respect (Nintendo, 2009). In doing so, Nintendo Co. Ltd.  has developed a strategy that has allowed them to offer a unique gaming experience which appeals to a larger consumer base, while maintaining competitive affordable prices. Unlike its competitors, Nintendo Co. Ltd. has earned consumer confidence in its industry through an established brand name known for inventing the video game console. Competitors such as Sony and Microsoft have entered the industry after finding success in the electronic hardware and software industries respectively. Despite opportunities for entry into the industry, Nintendo Co. Ltd. is the only company that has managed to capitalize on both hardware and software components. This is due in part to a strategy that focuses on the purchase of inexpensive components rather than making them in-house (Schoenberger, 2008). Sony’s Playstation 3 retails for $300, which is less than the actual cost, thus causing Sony to lose money on each console sale. Nintendo however is able to offer the Wii Console for $260 and has managed to earn a $6 profit on each unit sold (Schoenberger, 2008). In comparison, Microsoft’s Xbox 360 is sold at cost, equal to that of the Playstation 3 at $300 per unit (Schoenberger, 2008). Aside from earning revenues from the sale of hardware systems, Nintendo Co. Ltd. has also found a way to compete with the pricing of games. The average cost for a Wii game is $50 compared to $60 for games by each of Nintendo’s competitors (Schoenberger, 2008). The competition is able to afford losses on their consoles by earning revenues in the form of licensing fees from third-party developers (Schoenberger, 2008). Nintendo’s strategy thus far has been to take advantage of their video game development capabilities that were first introduced alongside their first Game Wat ch system in 1980. Nearly 60% of games sold by Nintendo Co. Ltd. are self developed in comparison to 30% for Microsoft and 15% for Sony (Schoenberger, 2008). While this has resulted in fewer titles released, a competitive advantage is maintained by creating franchise characters and game titles that are exclusively created for their products. As a result, the three top selling games for the Wii system are â€Å"Wii Play,† â€Å"Super Smash Brothers Brawl† and â€Å"Super Mario Galaxy,† each of which is available exclusively for the Wii console (Schoenberger, 2008). By maintaining the control of development, Nintendo Co. Ltd. has been able to produce these games without deadline constraints, ensuring the highest quality game play which allows the company to live up to its mission requirements. Current worldwide sales figures as  of November 14, 2009 list the Wii as having sold over 56.5 million units while the Xbox 360 is a distant second at 33 million units sold and Playstation 3 with only 26.5 million (VGChartz, 2009). During 2006, Nintendo Co. Ltd. recorded net income of $840 million, just before the release of the Wii system (Annual, 2006). As of 2008, that figure has increased to $2.5 billion, a nearly 300% increase in two years (Annual, 2008). Alongside the Wii, Nintendo Co. Ltd. also maintains an advantage in handheld systems with the Nintendo DS. Sony has unsuccessfully attempted to penetrate the market with the PSP handheld system, however sales have only reached 52.8 million in comparison to the 114 million units sold by the DS and upgraded DSi systems (VGChartz, 2009). According to their 2008 annual report, the Wii had sold 148 million games for the system while the DS had sold 369 million titles (Annual, 2008). The DS has proved to be yet another competitive advantage for Nintendo Co. Ltd. as the software sales in 2006 were at 60 million, which is a 515% increase in just two years (VGChartz, 2009). Much of Nintendo Co. Ltd.’s success may also be attributed to the differentiation of their product lines. While the DS faces little competition, the Wii’s internal capabilities were considered inferior to existing consoles upon its inception (Schoenberger, 2008). Microsoft and Sony marketed systems based on technological superiority while the Wii is the first system to focus solely on interactive game play. Motion sensor technology allows for physical movement by the consumers to control the games in which they play. The innovative capabilities derived from various game platforms have allowed Nintendo Co. Ltd. to capitalize off of a series of attachment control devices. Sales of these devices have been packaged together with games to provoke interest additional purchases of games compatible to the attachments. In an attempt to counter the unsuspected success of the Wii, motion sensor attachments are planned to be released by competitors. Microsoft is expected to release Project Natal, which performs a full body scan for remote free game play, while Sony will release a motion controller; both expected to hit the market in 2010 (Whitney, 2009). Nintendo of America’s Executive Vice President of Sales and Marketing, Cammie Dunaway, is not worried, suggesting â€Å"what people are doing with the remote and what’s happening on the screen isn’t something that people have to wait for or is just being talked about in a PowerPoint presentation. But  it’s something that’s in stores today and that people are already enjoying (Whitney, 2009). Wii sales are expected to continue to be strong, though 2009 has experienced a dramatic decline in sales a year after the most successful sales figures in Nintendo Co. Ltd.’s history (Whitney, 2009). SWOT Strengths The biggest strength that Nintendo has is a strong brand name, along with high returns, debt free status, and strong marketing techniques. Having such a strong brand name, Nintendo has become the most dominant company in the video game industry. Nintendo has been around since 1889 and developed their first home video game machine in 1977 and ever since has been known for their electronic gaming devices (Annual, 2008). As for high returns, the Nintendo DS alone has made a huge profit for them selling 70.6 million hardware units and 369.6 million software units as of March 2008 (Annual, 2008). Also, Nintendo is one of the few gaming consoles that have a debt free status unlike Microsoft who can’t seem to earn any profit due to high costs. Nintendo has thought outside of the box with their latest marketing strategy of targeting markets other than the traditional â€Å"gamer†. They have marketed their newest console, the Wii, to everyone as a family console, with games varying from healthy exercise to interactive sports. They have also found a way to simplify gaming by making it as easy as point and click. One example of this is the Mario-Kart game that is played using a steering wheel. Additionally, games that require extra attachments like the crossbow for the Legend of Zelda requires customers to spend more money, earning Nintendo supplementary profits (IBISWorld, 2009). Weaknesses Nintendo’s weaknesses are the dependence on contract manufacturers, having low earnings per share in addition to the lack of games produced for Nintendo consoles. Even though Nintendo Co. Ltd. makes their own games and trademark characters; for instance Mario and company, they still rely on manufacturers such as Electronic Arts, Acti-Vision and others for games that more experienced consumers would prefer to play. Despite an attempt to simplify gaming, this convenience may have negative repercussions for the experienced consumer market. Recent game developments attempt to be as  realistic as possible, thus the graphics on the Nintendo systems are not as sophisticated and are lacking in comparison to that of the Playstation 3 and Xbox 360 with 1080p resolution that reads high-definition graphics. Nintendo Co. Ltd.’s competitors also offer technologies not found on the Wii such as HDMI outputs or Blue-Ray DVD (Video, 2007). Opportunities The biggest opportunity for Nintendo is to incorporate the online gaming market. Most of the new games are designed for multiplayer gaming through server networks. Nintendo benefits from the interactive gaming business and these benefits can continue to grow. When the first video game consoles started to emerge, many people thought it was a short-term fad. However, fast-forward two decades and it has become more than just a trend. Adolescents who played 25 years ago have yet to grow out of the gaming trend and today’s youths have taken on next-generation consoles with even greater passion than their parents did as children. Growth has remained unexpectedly high for over two decades, including above 10% per year in 2009, despite the national recession (Annual, 2008). Today the video game industry, including development, production and retailing, is worth over $44 billion, with over 40 million consoles sold in the US in 2008 alone (IBISWorld, 2009). Video games and consoles are among the highest demand predominantly during the holiday season due to price cuts and the convenience of gift giving. Another opportunity for Nintendo is the fact that it remains the leading console maker, giving the company a better opportunity to improve upon itself. In October, Nintendo Co. Ltd. sold 506,900 units of the Wii system in the United States. The second best selling console was Sonys Playstation 3 having sold 320,600 units (Taub, 2009). Threats Nintendo’s threats include short product life cycles, and online gaming. The main threat to Nintendo Co. Ltd. is the software/games limited lifespan. Most games take about 48-60 hours to complete and more people have time to sit at home and play video games rather than recreational spending. Online gaming allows people to connect and play with other people as long as they own the same game and same console in each house. Due to the limitations of the internal hardware of the Wii, Nintendo Co. Ltd. has a severe  disadvantage in a network that provides inadequate performance in relation to competing system networks (Thurrott, 2007). Strategic Competitive Advantage and Major Problems The first word that comes to mind with Nintendo is games. Microsoft and Sony do not have that advantage. Nintendo has been a household name since its first electronic game release in 1977 and is considered to be the oldest company in this market. It is one of the largest console manufacturers in the world, and a leader in the handheld console market. The company has released five generations of consoles over the past 20 years. A well established brand name gives the company an edge over its competitors (Nintendo Co., 2009). In recent years, Nintendo Co. Ltd. has achieved strong growth in its operating results. In FY2008, revenues increased by 73% over FY2007 reaching JPY1,672,423 million (approximately $14,683.9 million) owing to the launch of Nintendo DS Lite and Wii, and their related software (Nintendo Co., 2009). In the Gaming Industry, Games/Software account for 67.6% of sales while Consoles account for 18%. Games are an inevitable focus of the industry (IBISWorld, 2009). Wii users are expected to buy the most games this year, 220 million, compared with 120 million PS3 games and 125 million Xbox 360 games. 62% of games sold by Nintendo Co. Ltd. are their own titles in comparison to 30% for Microsoft and 15% for Sony (Top, 2006). The top three Wii games are all made by Nintendo Co. Ltd., thus maintaining a higher gross margin on game software than competitors at 65%. Also, Nintendo Co. Ltd. is able to price their games lower than competitors at approximately $50 per game versus $60 (Schoenberger, 2009). Nintendo Co. Ltd. maintains their competitive advantage through superior game and character development, for which it often owns the legal rights. Nintendo Co. Ltd. has leveraged its legacy characters to maintain a viable competitive position in the market (Harmsen, 2009). The new Wii Fit exercise game is targeting women and older people concentrating on â€Å"adding value for the late adopter,† said Nintendo of America’s President, Reggie Fils-Aime. â€Å"This has given us the unparalleled ability to bring in new consumers, especially females† (Taub, 2009). The Wii Fit software alone has sold more than 20 million copies as of September 2009, and cost the consumer $90 to purchase. Half of the retail price results in profit for Nintendo Co. Ltd.  because the company developed both the console and the game, avoiding software licensing fees. Manufacturing of the balance board, an accessory that is included with the Wii Fit software, costs the company roughly $19 each, while the software averages $1 (Crews, 2009). Retailers typically buy the software games for 80% of the retail price, thus earning them $18 per game sold. Marketing of the software costs an average of $5 per unit, while research development is roughly $2. A $45 profit goes directly to Nintendo Co. Ltd for each Wii Fit game sold (Crews, 2009). Unlike its competitors, Nintendo Co. Ltd. has figured out a way to profit from its console sales. For every Wii sold, Nintendo nets $6. Microsoft just breaks even while Sony actually loses money on each console sale (Sherwood, 2008). As of November 14, 2009 the Wii is being reported as having sold over 56.5 million consoles. That equals to $339 million in profit for Nintendo Co. Ltd. based only on console unit sales. Nintendo Co. Ltd. relies on third-party manufacturers to produce key components or assemble finished products in order to keep costs low. Nintendo Co. Ltd. could have difficulty procuring key components or manufacturing its products in the event one or more of these third-party businesses fail or are unable to provide necessary components on a timely basis. Shortages of key components may cause margin decline due to higher costs, lack of products, and quality control issues (Annual, 2008). The interactive entertainment software market is characterized by short product life cycles and frequent introductions of new products (Nintendo Co., 2009). Since the Wii console has unique features such as the motion sensor remote, it makes the software difficult to translate into other systems. Developers that wish to create games for the Wii need a dedicated Wii team to code the Nintendo Co. Ltd. software so that it may be compatible with the Wii console (Schoenberger, 2009). For that reason, the Wii has fewer games available than its competitors. As a result, Nintendo may be forced to create a new console that adds the cutting-edge graphics the Wii lacks, analysts say (Edwards, 2009). Strategic Recommendations Nintendo Co. Ltd. has found success in implementing a family oriented strategy that generates consumer interests of multiple generations, genders  and cultures by creating a user friendly platform with a minimal learning curve to ensure an enjoyable gaming experience. In order to meet the high expectations that Nintendo Co. Ltd. has set for itself, the products developed are limited in their ability to adapt to the niche markets that competitive companies have catered to. In a technical comparison of the Wii against its major competitors, it is substantially outperformed in speed processing, memory, storage, networking, video output and multimedia output (Thurrott, 2007). In order to maintain an advantage in low cost pricing, the Wii is forced to neglect these features causing tech conscious consumers to invest in competing consoles. Lacking the capabilities to process more popular teenage and adult games that have been released on other supporting formats, Nintendo Co. Ltd. is res tricted in their ability to garner interest in their products from this niche market without altering not only their system specifications, but the family brand image that has established their success. If Nintendo Co. Ltd. wishes to maintain a competitive advantage, the niche market must be penetrated while maintaining the integrity of the Nintendo brand image. As these are two conflicting interests, it is recommended that Nintendo Co. Ltd. create a new subsidiary company that continues in the traditional spirit of Nintendo’s penchant for quality, while integrating the non-traditional components that cater to the niche market. Nintendo Black would become a subsidiary company of Nintendo Co. Ltd. that will operate with a mission to specialize in advanced technological specifications to consoles that will compete with Microsoft and Sony. The emergence of this company will allow for more flexibility from restrictions that limit Nintendo in competing for a mature consumer base. Nintendo Black will use the internal knowledge garnered throughout years of experience to continue developing games in-house, but will break away from the traditional franchise characters of the Nintendo universe. A number of opportunities arise to develop a series of successful franchise games that will appeal to the mature consumer that may continue to build upon the exclusivity of Nintendo produced games. This will also allow for a stronger focus on third-party developers to license games for distribution on Nintendo Black consoles that require advanced system specifications generating revenues that are currently unavailable to Nintendo and the Wii system. By embarking on a saturation of third-party game releases as the  Xbox 360 and Playstation 3 have done, Nintendo Black has the opportunity to cut into the game sale profits of its competition. In order to develop interest in a new system that is similar to the competition, the inaugural console release should provide online downloads for videogames that are released in stores. Though the Wii has downloadable content, none of the three competing systems offer full downloads of newly released titles. By offering this option, costs may be reduced from packaging, while ensuring the on demand availability of products anytime. A major concern regarding the exclusivity of Nintendo Co. Ltd. franchise characters and related games is that consumers in the niche market may have interest in purchasing a game, but not the console. By making Wii games compatible to the Nintendo Black console release, niche consumers would be free to purchase Wii games that would have otherwise been disregarded, thus increasing game sales for Wii and subsequent console releases by Nintendo Co. Ltd. Justification of Strategy Nintendo Co. Ltd. lists only 7 M-rated games available for the DS system and is in consideration of releasing another from one of the most popular M-rated franchises in Grand Theft Auto (Graft, 2009). The controversy surrounding the release of this game for the Nintendo system alludes to the desire to break into a market that could potentially jeopardize the Nintendo Co. Ltd. mission. In 2008, Nintendo Co. Ltd. recorded $2.5 billion in net income, despite spending $103 million on research and development in 2006 when the Wii was released (Annual, 2008), (Davison, 2008). The fiscal resources available to develop a product that expands upon existing models should be financially plausible. Nintendo Co. Ltd.’s current profitability is based on a family oriented consumer market that neither Microsoft nor Sony have attempted to endeavor; however if either company were inclined to expand an existing strategy to include a line of family concentrated product lines, it would attempt to differentiate itself into both markets which neither of its competitors has yet to achieve. As the intensity of competition increases, it is in the best interest of Nintendo Co. Ltd. to become the first to break ground in penetrating both consumer markets. A Nintendo Subsidiary should not affect the current profitability of Nintendo Co. Ltd. with the exception of an increase in sales for a select number of  Wii games released that appeal to a mass audience. It is possible that the Wii may sell fewer consoles due to the advanced capabilities of the upgraded console release, but there is a greater opportunity to convert niche market users to become Nintendo users due to the availability of not only third-party games released on all consoles, but the franchise games sold exclusively for Nintendo consoles. As the companies operate with two distinctly different missions, the Nintendo Co. Ltd. brand should maintain its profitability as the initial strategy will not be altered, while the Nintendo Black subsidiary has the opportunity to become profitable by taking more risks with its system capabilities and game play modes. These risks have the potential to unveil a number of concepts that Nintendo Co. Ltd. may have not felt comfortable implementing on its signature consoles, thus providing input as to which successful features may be utilized and expanded upon for all future gaming platforms. The assumption that the new subsidiary will attract new consumers lies in the convenience created by the initial console release. Nintendo will now be capable of offering games that not only require more advanced processing, but games that are too mature to be released by the parent company. If a consumer can buy a Nintendo system that offers the same games and capabilities as an Xbox 360 or Playstation 3 at a similar cost, but also offers Nintendo exclusive games, then it adds to the consumer benefit creating interest in the Nintendo product. Additionally, with limited marketing it is possible for Nintendo Black products to differentiate themselves from those of the parent company. This supplementary convenience provides additional consumer confidence for the initial family oriented market by indicating that any games released by Nintendo Co. Ltd. are suitable for children or else they would be released under the Nintendo Black product line. This will alleviate any concern for parents that are unfamiliar with newly released games as to the content involved. Nintendo Co. Ltd. spent $370 million on research and development in 2007 and is expected to release the next installment of the Wii in 2011 (Davison, 2008). This would be ample time to develop a subsidiary company that will focus on research and development throughout 2010 with plans for a console release in 2013. After nearly two years, the sales for the Wii console have begun to decline and if this trend continues in the future, in 2013 the subsidiary console may be released without damaging initial sales  for the parent company release (Satariano, 2009). As a result, the Nintendo Black consoles my act as a buffer for additional sales during a down time while Nintendo Co. Ltd. begins development on yet another generation console. Fall-out and Summary The recommendations suggested create several risks that may have negative repercussions to Nintendo Co. Ltd.’s existing operations. Creating a subsidiary company would require an increase in personnel costs as each company would be required to operate separately. As a result, a new headquarters may need to be purchased in order to house accounting, finance and marketing departments as well as research and development. However, without a release for several years, the company would earn no income and may generate a number of tax benefits. Nintendo Co. Ltd. initially planned on creating a more advanced system that would be comparable to that of the Xbox 360 and Playstation 3. However, as the General Manager of Research and Development, Genyo Takeda, suggests â€Å"During development, we came to realize the sheer inefficiency of this path when we compared the hardships and costs of development against any new experiences that might be had by our customers.† (Iwata, 2009) With both the Xbox 360 and Playstation 3 generating no profits from sales, it is likely that in order to create a competing system, Nintendo Black may be forced to accept a similar position (Schoenberger, 2008). What may help Nintendo Black avoid this scenario is a continued focus on purchasing inexpensive parts rather than making them in-house (Schoenberger, 2008). Though the price range for a new niche market console may be higher than that of the Wii, it will still be competitive for the market that it is attempting to pursue. Creating a subsidiary company with a strategy to develop more adult games may have an effect on the parent company that maintains a strong focus on a family friendly experience. There is an unknown risk involved with regard to consumer response of a new line that could be damaging to the mission of the parent company. A marketing plan must be developed that distinguishes the two companies and their products. It must reassure the target market that they will receive the gaming experience they look for in competing consoles, while also ensuring that Nintendo Co. Ltd. will be unaffected and continue with their family friendly mission. It is advised that staple characters of  the Nintendo universe are not used to market the product lines of Nintendo Black, but rather focus on the development of new characters with the possibility of introducing the staple characters as unlockable content. If the proper measures are taken then Nintendo Co. Ltd. has the opportunity to continue to position itself as an alternative to the gaming experience while increasing the level of competition for its rival companies with its subsidiary company. This will make it more difficult for rivals to compete for their own target market and force them to shift focus away from competing with Nintendo Co. Ltd.’s motion c apture product line.

Napoleon Bonaparte Essay -- essays research papers

Napoleon Bonaparte   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Napolen Bonaparte was born in 1769 and died in 1821. Napoleon was a military genius for the loyalty of his troops, and for his spectacular victories. The many change of the government in France, against the background of war, made possible the rise of a military dictator. Since childhood, Napoleon was taught stratagies and tactics to help him succeed through battles. At the age of fifteen, he entered the advance military school, the Ecole Militaire in Paris. Napoleon was promoted to a general at the age of twenty four, where he was put in charge of the Italian campaigns. After conquering most of the Italian Penninsula, Napoleon gained the support of the government and earned the respect of Sieyes and Tallyrand. They identified Napoleon as their strong man in the Coup of Brumaire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1799, Napoleon introduced a dictatorship to bring order to the chaos in France. He instituted many reforms, for example in the civil service and treasury. He guaranteed the Frence people equality and fraternity. In exchange, he took away their liberty. Another reform was the creation of the national eduction system. This was a pleasant addition because it adds knowledge to the Empire. Another was a knew constitution, in this he presented to the public in a plebiscite that required them either to accept fully his version or to allow him to govern without the restrictions of a constitutions. This...

Organic Food Trends Essay

While these two factors affect the source of organic food, it is the retailers themselves who may trigger the fastest and longest-lasting drop in organic food prices. In response to the decline of sales, a looming price war may push organic food prices down to a level comparable to regular foods. The niche of people who are passionate about their organic foods will remain strong regardless of the price. When they were hot just a few months ago, many grocers and health food stores dedicated more space to stay ahead of the demand. Now that the demand has taken a dive, retailers will be trying to gain a stronger share of the shrinking market. Even Whole Foods, known for higher quality and prices to match, is reducing prices and trying to change their public image. It is in this price war that many who have recently abandoned organic foods may return for the same reason that they left: price. The actual cost difference between organic and normal foods is much lower than the retail price difference because perceptions have allowed the premium rates. As perceptions change, grocers will have to sell their normally high-profit organic foods at or below the cost of their normal counterparts. Source: http://weheartworld.com/green-living/organic-food-price-reductions/ Figure 5. 1: UK organic food and drink: total retail sales and total imports 2002/03 Multiple retailers: 5. 13 Table 5. 5 shows the most recent data we were able to secure on the percentage share of trade between the multiple retailers for organic and the overall grocery market (2000). The data indicate that Sainsbury’s, Tesco, Waitrose and Safeway account for most UK organic sales. In 2003, two multiples, Sainsbury’s and Tesco were responsible for 27% and 27. 5% respectively of UK organic product sales. Table 5. 5: Multiple retailers’ share of trade – Total Organic vs Retailer Share Track (% share of spend, during 52 weeks ending 17 Sept. 2000) Total organics (%)RST (share of overall grocery market, %) Tesco29. 321. 9 Sainsbury’s29. 817. 3 Asda5. 714. 2 Safeway7. 09. 5 Somerfield2. 46. 6 Morrisons1. 44. 9 Iceland1. 43. 2 Marks & Spencer1. 01. 5 Waitrose9. 71. 4 All others12. 319. 5 Source: TNS Source: http://www. scotland. gov. uk/Publications/2005/05/13153740/37488 Why are more people are choosing organic? In 2006, organic food and drink sales nudged the ? 2 billion mark for the first time, and showed a 22% growth overall. Here’s why more people are choosing to buy organic: †¢Taste – Many people tell us they buy organic food because they believe it tastes better. †¢Food safety – Organic farmers, as far as possible, avoid using unnecessary chemical sprays. Food additives linked to asthma and heart disease are among those banned under organic standards. †¢The environment – Organic farming is friendlier to the environment so there is a much greater diversity of birds, butterflies and plants on organic farms. Organic standards ban the use of GM technology. †¢Animal welfare – Organic farming requires animals to be kept in more natural, free-range conditions with a more natural diet. Source: http://www. soilassociation. org/web/sa/saweb. nsf/Living/whatisorganic. html The year 2008 is a year that is going to be dominated by health consciousness. The top 10 food trends that are going to rule the food world are: 1- Eat Healthy! Health is going to be a major consideration that is going to influence our food habits. It would dictate the pattern of the foods patronized and also in turn what would be available in the market. The manufacturers are ready and eagerly waiting to take a cue from the consumption patterns so as to cash in on this multi-million dollar food market. There will, for sure, be an increase in health foods so as to cater to the demand of the potential customer. 2- Packaging Matters! With growing consciousness, it is important that the foods have a good and eco-friendly packaging and have all details specified on the label. These are definitely going to be the ones that would be preferred. 3- Go Local! An increase in importance to local produce is another significant trend that would be witnessed in the year 2008. Customers would prefer to patronize healthy food items that are grown locally. The growing environmental consciousness and an increase in importance to personal health are going are the reasons for this choice. 4- I want Ready-To-Eat! Convenience foods would however, continue to reign supreme. With people getting busier by the day and having very little time on hand, it is important to have more options for ready to eat meals. Complete meals of one or two dishes would be preferred. The studies conducted recently have gone to show that people prefer to eat at home for most part of the week due to health considerations and thus, convenient foods provide the perfect answer to a busy family that is also health conscious. 5- No McDonald’s for kids! With health of the family gaining priority, the healthy kids recipes is another area that is going to increase in importance. With several entrants in the market this trend is only going to grow by leaps and bounds in the coming months. 6- Weight loss meals get trendy! Obesity has come to be another major consideration that has come to have a significant impact on the food related decisions of a family. Weight loss foods that let you manage your weight problem without having to deprive yourself of the daily nutritional requirements is going to find favor in 2008. 7- Substitute capsules with food! With heart diseases and others becoming a major issue, foods that can fight diseases are going to be popular. Foods with antioxidants that have the property of fighting against diseases are what people are looking out for desperately. Keep the diseases at bay with a healthy and active lifestyle. 8- Indulge Yourself! The growing health consciousness is certainly not going to undermine the importance of premium foods that offer a wonderful reason to indulge. Pampering oneself with an array of exotic tastes and flavors – desserts, pies, and chocolate recipes – is going to be an essential part of our lives across the globe. Entertaining and discovering the treasure house that the culinary world offers are going to be a norm that would not change for any reason. 9- Go Veggies! There is definitely going to be a rise in the consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and food with useful bacteria like yogurt. Useful bacteria are going to gain entry into many other food items that are part of our daily diet. 10- Raw Food Rocks! Increase in the consumption of raw food in the form of salads and other enticing dishes is going to be another of the food trends witnessed globally. The benefits of raw food will be explored across the globe. Source: http://my. telegraph. co. uk/butterbites/blog/2008/05/25/top_10_food_trends_for_2008.

Enrique Mentado Sosa s Candidacy For An Ra Position For...

With enthusiasm I write on behalf of Enrique Mentado-Sosa’s candidacy for an RA position for 2017-2018. Insightful, rigorous, deep, self-motivated, resourceful, team focused, and sensitive to the needs of others are images which come to mind when I think of Enrique. I also think of the phrase, still waters run deep. Never the first to speak nor seeking a spotlight, some might overlook and underestimate Enrique; that would be a mistake! I have known him going on two years as a student in my honors seminar, Personal Leadership Development: Lessons from South Africa and as a loyal and engaged member of the Honors Student Association which I advise. I see Enrique well suited for this position due to the experience he obtained volunteering with many diverse individuals in the past, as well as through his current position as a chemistry tutor through the LARC. From volunteering and working with individuals of different backgrounds, his â€Å"people skills† and his ability to work in a group have vastly improved, enabling him to make a strong contribution to the â€Å"team† of RAs to which he is assigned. A sophomore Cell and Molecular Biology major, Enrique holds a 3.75 (summa cum laude) grade point average entitling him being named to the Dean’s Lists of both the College of Arts Sciences (minimum 3.6) and the Honors College (minimum 3.75). As further testament to his scholastic potential, Enrique received a Board of Governor’s Scholarship, and an Office of Multicultural Affairs